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Bold Expression of One's True Self
文學創(chuàng)作抒發(fā)自己真實獨特的性情，不拘泥于任何格式套路。原為明代文學家袁宏道對其弟弟袁中道文學創(chuàng)作的評語，后來成為公安派的核心理論主張，與當時前、后七子“文必秦漢，詩必盛唐”的復古主義觀點形成了鮮明的對抗。公安派強調文藝源于個人性情，講求獨創(chuàng)性，重自由，反拘束，要求詩人不為成法所限。在當時尊古、模擬盛行的風氣下，這一命題有個性解放和反傳統(tǒng)的意義，對于當時及后代的文藝創(chuàng)作產生了積極影響。
This term indicates that a writer should give expression to his true feelings in literary creation and not be constrained by particular regulations or formulas. It was first used by the Ming Dynasty writer Yuan Hongdao as he commented on the literary work of his younger brother Yuan Zhongdao. Later, it became the core idea of the Gong'an School of Literary Writing, firmly opposed to the stubborn emulation of ancient literature as advocated by the Former Seven Masters and the Latter Seven Masters of the time, who highly esteemed prose of the Qin and Han dynasties and poetry of the golden Tang era. The Gong'an School emphasized that literature and art flow forth from the heart, value freedom and originality, and refuse to be bound by any convention. This school urged poets to defy any restriction imposed on them. This view was important to the assertion of individuality and rebellion against tradition, at a time when reverence for and emulation of ancient literature was the trend. It exerted a positive influence on literary creation in that era and later.
引例 Citations：
◎大都獨抒性靈，不拘格套，非從自己胸臆流出，不肯下筆。（袁宏道《敘小修詩》）
（他的詩）大都抒發(fā)自己真實獨特的性情，不拘泥于任何格式套路。只要不是出自本心，就不肯下筆。
Most of his poems express his inner self, without being constrained by any particular regulations or formulas. He would not commit to paper anything not flowing naturally from his inner world. (Yuan Hongdao: Preface to Xiaoxiu's Poetry)
◎性之所安，殆不可強，率性而行，是謂真人。（袁宏道《識張幼于箴銘后》）
人的性情所形成的習性，大概是不會勉強改變的，只要遵循自己的性情行事做人，就是真性情的人。
A man's habitual behavior shaped by his own disposition is not quite likely to change. So long as he pursues his true self in his conduct of affairs, he is a true man. (Yuan Hongdao: A Postscript to Zhang Youyu's Admonitory Epigraph)
◎凡詩之傳者，都是性靈，不關堆垛。（袁枚《隨園詩話》卷五）
大凡詩歌的流傳，都是因為性靈有感染力，與堆砌學識沒有關聯。
Poetry spreads far and wide mainly because of its spiritual appeal, not because it is loaded with book knowledge. (Yuan Mei: Suiyuan Remarks on Poetry)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
