自知 Know oneself/Self-knowledge
認(rèn)識(shí)自己,了解自己的長(zhǎng)處和短處。這是正確認(rèn)識(shí)他人及一切事物的基礎(chǔ),也是不斷超越自我、提升自我的前提。它往往是有智慧的人與杰出者的基本素質(zhì)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人的自我意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒、主體精神的樹立,與古希臘“認(rèn)識(shí)你自己”的理念相通。
The term means to have knowledge and understanding of one's strengths and weaknesses. This is the basis for knowing others and all other things. Further self-improvement and progress stem from this. Exceptional and wise people often demonstrate this quality. The focus is on developing a conscious sense of self, which echoes the ancient Greek axiom "know thyself."
引例 Citations:
◎知人者智,自知者明。(《老子·三十三章》)
善于了解別人,算得上有智慧;善于了解自己,才算得上圣明。
Knowing others is wisdom; knowing oneself is insight. (Laozi)
◎自知者不怨人,知命者不怨天。怨人者窮,怨天者無(wú)志。失之己,反之人,豈不迂乎哉!(《荀子·榮辱》)
有自知之明的人不會(huì)埋怨別人,懂得天命的人不會(huì)埋怨老天。只會(huì)埋怨別人的人會(huì)招致窘困,只會(huì)埋怨老天的人會(huì)失去志向。錯(cuò)在自己,卻責(zé)怪別人,難道不覺(jué)得荒唐嗎?
Those who have knowledge of themselves do not blame others; those who understand the will of heaven do not blame it. Blaming others creates difficulties for oneself; blaming heaven saps one's aspirations. Is it not ridiculous to blame others for one's own mistakes? (Xunzi)
◎故欲勝人者,必先自勝;欲論人者,必先自論;欲知人者,必先自知。(《呂氏春秋·先己》)
所以,如果想要戰(zhàn)勝他人,必須先要戰(zhàn)勝自己;如果想要評(píng)論他人,必須先要評(píng)論自己;如果想要了解他人,必須先要了解自己。
Therefore, to conquer others, first conquer yourself; to comment on others, first comment on yourself; and to know others, first know yourself. (Master Lyu's Spring and Autumn Annals)
推薦:教育部 國(guó)家語(yǔ)委
供稿:北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯:錢耐安