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自治 Self-discipline/Self-control
自己治理自己，包括修養(yǎng)自身德行、約束自己行為、管理自己事務(wù)等含義。在政治上，它屬于“人治”范疇。它要求治理者順應(yīng)形勢(shì)嚴(yán)格管好自己，以身作則，然后帶動(dòng)廣大民眾管好自己及自己的事情，進(jìn)而達(dá)成整個(gè)社會(huì)的良好治理狀態(tài)。近代以來，人們用它與autonomy和self-government對(duì)譯，使“自治”一詞演變?yōu)檎胃拍睿敢罁?jù)法律規(guī)定，在一個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)，民族、地區(qū)、團(tuán)體等除了受所隸屬的國(guó)家、政府或上級(jí)單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)外，行政上相對(duì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)自己的事務(wù)可以獨(dú)立行使一定的權(quán)力，如“地方自治”“民族區(qū)域自治”等。
The ability to control one's self includes cultivating one's mind, controlling one's behavior, and managing one's affairs. Politically, it falls into the category of "rule by man," in which the ruler exercises strict self-discipline and sets an example, so that the people also manage their affairs properly. This leads to positive social governance. In modern times, zizhi (自治) is used as the counterpart of "autonomy" or "self-government," so it has become a political concept. It means that, within a state, ethnic groups, geographic regions and civil groupings have a certain amount of administrative independence while still following national, governmental and organizational regulations, e.g., "local autonomy," and "regional ethnic autonomy."
引例 Citations：
◎是故明君知民之必以上為心也，故置法以自治，立儀以自正也。（《管子·法法》）
因此，賢明的君王知道百姓一定是以君王的喜好為中心的，所以制定法度用來治理自己，樹立禮儀用來規(guī)正自己。
Therefore, a wise ruler knows that since the people will follow his preferences, norms and rules to guide and limit his personal thought and action must be set. (Guanzi)
◎故百姓則君以自治也。（《禮記·禮運(yùn)》）
所以，百姓都是效法國(guó)君來達(dá)到自我治理的。
Therefore, the people will emulate the ways of the ruler to manage themselves. (The Book of Rites)
◎夫治民與自治，治彼與治此，治小與治大，治國(guó)與治家，未有逆而能治之也，夫惟順而已矣。（《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)·靈樞·師傳》）
治理百姓和治理自身，統(tǒng)治這里和統(tǒng)治那里，處理小事和處理大事，治理國(guó)家與治理家庭，從沒有違背事理卻能治理好的，只有順應(yīng)事理才能治理好。
Whether managing others or controlling oneself, ruling here or there, dealing with small or big matters, governing the country or directing a household, success depends on conforming to concrete conditions, otherwise all efforts will fail. (Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon of Medicine)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
